• Several studies have demonstrated that Syn specifically

  2020-10-22

  

  Several studies have demonstrated that αSyn specifically associates with lipid rafts (Cole et al., 2002), raising the possibility that the perturbation of rafts can affect the aggregation and phosphorylation of αSyn (Fortin et al., 2004). Schneider et al. (2010) described the potential involvement o

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements This work was

  2020-10-22

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number N N303 571539. We are greatly indebted to Patrick Fox for help with the final manuscript. Introduction Alkylating agents which interact directly with DNA to form covalent bonds h

• Various domains of DDR have been shown to be

  2020-10-22

  

  Various domains of DDR1 have been shown to be important for receptor clustering and its oligomeric status. It is now understood that (i) dimerization [7] and higher-order oligomerization [12], [18] of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) enhance its binding to collagen; (ii) DDR1 exists as non-covale

• To simulate the inhibition of the enzyme by

  2020-10-22

  

  To simulate the inhibition of the enzyme by organophosphorus, carbamate insecticides or nerve agents, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine was used for most experiments for safety reasons. However, the results of the measurements were verified using the soman organophosphate, which is

• Analysis of DNA fragmentation We followed a modified

  2020-10-22

  

  Analysis of DNA fragmentation. We followed a modified Hirt extraction procedure for analysis of DNA fragmentation. Cells were suspended in TNE buffer (1M NaCl, 20mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 2mM EDTA, and 0.6% SDS) at a density of 106 cells/ml and incubated overnight on ice. The next day, cellular debris wa

• Hepatocyte proliferation is accompanied by changing gene exp

  2020-10-22

  

  Hepatocyte proliferation is accompanied by changing gene expression [1,2]. as two of the three estrogen receptors are transcription factors: Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ [[3], [4], [5]]. The most potent ligand estradiol, binds to ERα/ERβ and exerts changing cognate gene transcription [5]. O

• By using live imaging of an ERK fluorescence resonance energ

  2020-10-22

  

  By using live imaging of an ERK fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor, the authors show that ERK activity propagates in a stepwise manner from the center to the periphery of the tracheal placode. This row-by-row propagation of ERK activity fits a relay model in which each row activate

• br Iterative design approach overview

  2020-10-22

  

  Iterative design approach overview An iterative design strategy is used to identify a peptidase-resistant reporter that acts as an efficient substrate for kinases in cell lysates as well as intact cells (Fig. 1). In this process, small-scale, rationally designed libraries are used to screen pepti

• On the opposite side sPLA X has also been

  2020-10-22

  

  On the opposite side, sPLA2-X has also been implicated in the pathology of cancer [167,168]. Human sPLA2-X induces lipid droplet formation in Ras-driven MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer Asiatic acid mg and promotes their survival during nutrient stress. It acts through the products of its e

• Collectively the results presented here provide new insights

  2020-10-22

  

  Collectively, the results presented here provide new insights into ligand binding, clustering, spatial distribution, and phosphorylation of DDR1b and DDR2 in response to soluble collagen I. As depicted in the cartoon of Scheme 1, we postulate a model in which the spatial distribution and assembly of

• br Guidance of B cell

  2020-10-22

  

  Guidance of B cell localization by EBI2 EBI2 expression and B cell disease Although chemoattractant receptors of the GPR family play essential roles in coordinating the migration of lymphocytes for efficient responses against pathogens, their dysregulation can result in the initiation or progr

• E is encoded by the largest and most conserved open

  2020-10-22

  

  E1 is encoded by the largest and most conserved open-reading frame (ORF) of the PV genome. The protein ranges in size from 600 to 650 amino acids, depending on the PV type. Overall, the protein can be divided into three functional segments: an N-terminal regulatory region that is essential for optim

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions M B

  2020-10-22

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions M.B., with input and help from T.T.H., conceived the project, designed and performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. B.B.B. and F.D.M. synthesized the wild-type and (nonhydrolyzable, NH) Ub tetramers and contributed Fig

• Ubiquitination is a reversible posttranslational modificatio

  2020-10-22

  

  Ubiquitination is a reversible posttranslational modification. The removal of Ub is carried out by enzymes known as deubiquitinases (DUBs). The antagonistic role played by these enzymes in the Ub pathway regulates the function of the ubiquitinated proteins, while maintaining the free Ub pool in euka

• In the present study DRD decreased in

  2020-10-22

  

  In the present study, DRD3 decreased in the VTA of OA when compared with the control group. It is reported that DRD3 in the VTA control the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons and inhibition of these receptors enhance firing in the VTA-projecting neurons [18]. A study also indicated that morphine tr

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