• A highly attenuated B pertussis strain named BPZE has

  2024-11-12

  

  A highly attenuated B. pertussis strain, named BPZE1, has recently been described [10]. It produces enzymatically inactive pertussis toxin (PT), no dermonecrotic toxin and only trace amounts of tracheal cytotoxin. Markedly reduced lung pathology was observed in mice intranasally (i.n.) infected with

• To date the modes of actions of pharmaceuticals in humans

  2024-11-12

  

  To date, the modes of actions of pharmaceuticals in humans and mammals are well-known (Fent et al., 2006), whereas knowledge of aquatic organisms, particularly invertebrates, is limited. This is problematic as these contaminants/pollutants have potentially harmful effects on wildlife organisms that

• br Funding This work was supported by Arena

  2024-11-11

  

  Funding This work was supported by Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA. Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS); they have various modulatory functions in drug reinforcement, appetitive behaviors, stress, moo

• br Disclosure br Acknowledgement br

  2024-11-11

  

  Disclosure Acknowledgement Introduction CYP17A1 is a multifunctional enzyme with both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities and is essential for the biosynthesis of steroidal SirReal2 synthesis in male testes and adrenal glands. The 17α-hydroxylase activity of CYP17A1 is involved in t

• br Autophagy inducers Macroautophagy is often

  2024-11-11

  

  Autophagy inducers Macroautophagy is often seen as a cellular process capable of increasing the fitness of dna stain and overcome resistance to several forms of stress [9], [10]. As discussed above, it has been proposed by several authors that an effective strategy for enhancing sensitivity of ca

• There are profound differences between acute and chronic pai

  2024-11-11

  

  There are profound differences between acute and chronic pain when dramatic changes occur in peripheral nociceptors and central nociceptive pathways and the pain system is sensitised thereby leading to exaggerated responses to noxious stimuli (hyperalgesia) and responses to non-noxious stimuli (allo

• In vascular endothelial cells L arginine produces nitric oxi

  2024-11-11

  

  In vascular endothelial cells, L-arginine produces nitric oxide (NO) under the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and nitric oxide can activate guanylate cyclase to produce a large amount of cGMP, thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle and expanding blood vessels. Numerous studies have confirme

• GDC-0068 br Introduction The apelin receptor angiotensin

  2024-11-11

  

  Introduction The apelin receptor (angiotensin receptor-like 1, APJ) is a seven transmembrane receptor (7TMR) that belongs to the class A peptidergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) superfamily [1]. The endogenous ligands of APJ are the different isoforms of apelin (namely apelin-13, −17, and −

• gaboxadol The crucial role of AP in establishing and maintai

  2024-11-11

  

  The crucial role of AP-1 in establishing and maintaining cell type-specific gene expression programs and cell identity is further apparent during reprogramming of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) into iPSCs with either Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/cMyc (OSKM ) factors , or chemicals . Using ATAC-seq to profile ch

• Angiogenesis refers to the formation of

  2024-11-11

  

  Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature [1]. Physiological angiogenesis is necessary for key processes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration and repair. In pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and other pat

• Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted the

  2024-11-11

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• This development notwithstanding the chemotherapeutic treatm

  2024-11-11

  

  This development notwithstanding, the chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia has stagnated over the last 40 years [35]. Main treatment options necessitate aggressive chemotherapy to target leukemic cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Several limitations of current treatment options include the use of ant

• br Materials and met http

  2024-11-11

  

  Materials and methods Results The values for body weight are shown in Fig. 1. Body weight was measured every day. The body weight of the young mice in the control (i.e. no-stress) group was not significantly different from that of the young mice in the stress group. However, the middle-aged mi

• br Effects of BCAAs on

  2024-11-11

  

  Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an exclusive role in regulation of glucose metabolism, and obesity and type 2 diabetes induce hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance. Plasma BCAA concentrations are increased by 14–20% in patients with hyperinsulinemia under overnight fasti

• Since the first studies of betaine aldehyde oxidation in

  2024-11-11

  

  Since the first studies of betaine aldehyde oxidation in rats [13], the participation of betaine in the detoxification of homocysteine has well described, considering the activity of other Hoechst 34580 synthesis as betaine homocysteine methyltransferase and methionine synthase. But, there is a lac

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