• All HFD fed groups in our

  2022-08-19

  

  All HFD fed groups in our study, having significantly higher levels of EE (heat production) is consistent with previous studies [91], where a significant increase in EE was observed within just one week of HFD feeding [81]. It is hypothesized that this phenomenon is due to the increased body mass an

• shows the hormonal and follicular growth profile of the woma

  2022-08-18

  

  shows the hormonal and follicular growth profile of the woman who ovulated in both cycles. In cycle 1, an LH surge occurred on day 17, when serum oestradiol concentration was 210.5 pg/ml and follicle diameter 17 mm. In cycle 2, ganirelix administration was continued until day 19 instead of until th

• In addition analysis of the functional elements in the GnRH

  2022-08-18

  

  In addition, analysis of the functional elements in the GnRH promoter region also identified other transcription factor binding sites, such as those for GATA-1 and Oct-1. However, those sites were not further validated in this study. Nevertheless, it has been reported that transcription factors such

• Young et al described the role of

  2022-08-18

  

  Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c

• Administration of a fructose rich diet

  2022-08-18

  

  Administration of a fructose-rich diet to normal rats induces insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, depending on treatment duration [23]. We have shown that development of these abnormalities as well as fat deposit in liver, are effectively prevented by co-administration of

• In conclusion we have shown that

  2022-08-18

  

  In conclusion, we have shown that AKR1D1 regulates glucocorticoid availability and GR activation and therefore represents a key pre-receptor regulator of hormonal action in human liver. However, there are additional questions that need to be addressed including dissecting the broader role of AKR1D1

• cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracell

  2022-08-18

  

  cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracellular signals at glucagon receptors to intracellular effector molecules. cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway increases the gene expression of enzymes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) whic

• In conclusion enhanced glucagon action

  2022-08-18

  

  In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell

• We focus here on the historical discoveries that led to

  2022-08-18

  

  We focus here on the historical discoveries that led to the development of the concept of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, which occurs through the lethal accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) when glutathione (GSH)-dependent

• It raises a question about origin of the sensitivity to

  2022-08-18

  

  It raises a question about origin of the sensitivity to Ca of both FBPase isozymes. Was the ancestral vertebrate FBPase inhibited by calcium similarly to the liver isozyme? And is the high sensitivity of FBP2 a new evolutionary feature of warm-blooded vertebrates? Additionally, since subcellular lo

• In neurons and neuroendocrine cells

  2022-08-18

  

  In neurons and neuroendocrine cells, the productive fusion pathway is thought to initiate with the Munc18-1/Syx1 complex (Ma et al., 2013, Hughson, 2013, Lai et al., 2017). The Munc13-1 MUN domain is able to catalyze opening of Syx1 (the transition from the Munc18-1/Syx1 complex to the SNARE complex

• br Tissue Specific Roles for HIF PHD Isoforms Hypoxia signal

  2022-08-17

  

  Tissue-Specific Roles for HIF/PHD Isoforms Hypoxia signaling pathways are active in almost all mammalian cells, including immune cytidine australia and tissues such as the epithelium and endothelium. This is of crucial importance when considering the influence of environmental hypoxia in inflamm

• This variant has also been related to a better treatment

  2022-08-17

  

  This variant has also been related to a better treatment response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer subjected to irinotecan-based chemotherapy (Kweekel et al., 2008). Inheritance of this metabolic variability has also been stated to influence better treatment outcomes in breast cancer pa

• Various inhibitors have been developed to

  2022-08-17

  

  Various inhibitors have been developed to target molecules present in these pathways. They include both man-made monoclonal stavudine as well as small molecule membrane permeable inhibitors that often target kinases or phosphatases [5], [338], [348], [364]. In summary, these pathways are frequently

• Despite having potent activity and good solubility showed in

  2022-08-17

  

  Despite having potent activity and good solubility, showed inhibitory activities against cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, 2C9, and 2C19 with an IC value of less than 10 μM. In general, the specificity of the compound to the target should improve and the off-target risk such as CYP inhibitory activity sho

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