• Physiological total plasma LPA levels are

  2024-02-21

  

  Physiological total plasma LPA levels are normally less than 1μM in healthy subjects. LPA levels have been reported to be increased in malignant effusions or plasma in cancer patients [20]. In addition, increasing ATX activity detected in healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy ex

• Based on currently available knowledge autophagy supports ad

  2024-02-21

  

  Based on currently available knowledge, autophagy supports adipocytes development and differentiation. In animals with specific skeletal muscle Crotaline of Atg7, reduced adipogenesis was shown. In rodents, autophagy was decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed with high-fat diet (HFD). In contras

• Introduction The first use of the term

  2024-02-21

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

• br Conflicts of interest br Financial support

  2024-02-21

  

  Conflicts of interest Financial support This work was supported by grants from the Fondazione Cariplo [Grant number 2011-0463] (Carini); and by Funds for Original Research of the Università del Piemonte Orientale (2016, Project: Carini-Boldorini). The sponsors had no involvement in study desig

• Several structural classes of ASK inhibitors mostly from ind

  2024-02-21

  

  Several structural methylphenidate hcl of ASK1 inhibitors, mostly from industry but also from academia, have been identified over the last decade. In 2012, Terao et al. (Takeda) reported imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine () as a potent ASK1 inhibitor derived from structure-based drug design. GSK, Merck and G

• methysergide br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer is a

  2024-02-21

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is a deadly disease of uncontrolled cell division and has the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body and affects normal functioning of the vital organs. Nowadays cancer is considered as leading cause of human death in all over the world and

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br

  2024-02-21

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion The preparation of acrylic nanoparticles as aminosugar carriers could not be achieved by direct functionalization of poly(t-butyl acrylate) particles with saccharide groups. A four-step procedure starting from a protected derivative of

• Based on the general structure function principle in biology

  2024-02-20

  

  Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prot

• Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase

  2024-02-20

  

  Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion Voluminous

  2024-02-20

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Voluminous literature is available describing the regulation of WM-1119 homeostasis by central and peripheral mechanisms in poultry [35,36]. However, the neuroendocrine mechanism(s) of photoperiod induced hypothalamic regulation of food intake and e

• Synthesis pharmacological evaluation for the binding at hA

  2024-02-20

  

  Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation for the binding at hA, hA and hA ARs, and efficacy at hA subtype of the synthesized compounds, together with the assessment of their theoretical ADME properties were the guidelines in this preliminary drug discovery investigation. The synthetic pathways which y

• br Introduction In myasthenia gravis MG

  2024-02-20

  

  Introduction In myasthenia gravis (MG), autoantibodies against the native AChR conformation cause loss of AChR at the neuromuscular junction and fatigable muscle weakness (Newsom-Davis et al., 1993). The AChR is a pentameric transmembrane protein, with two splice forms of the α-subunit, P3A− and

• br Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael

  2024-02-20

  

  Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation (Grant ID 9969). We would like to thank Pierluigi Saba, Francesco Traccis and Barbara Tuveri for their technical assistance. Introduction In the prostate, androgens play a crucial role in normal, BPH and cancerous growth b

• The altered frequency of CD T cells in LO mice

  2024-02-20

  

  The altered frequency of CD4+ T dopamine-2 receptor antagonist in 5-LO−/− mice led us to hypothesize that these leukocytes could be exerting a primary control of the inflammatory response. In fact, the lack of 5-LO resulted in the accumulation of CD4+CD25+ cells expressing Treg markers. It is plaus

• In earlier experiments on snails a behavioral model was empl

  2024-02-20

  

  In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni

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