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Notably AR and AR signaling can also occur via
2024-02-02
Notably, β2AR and β3AR signaling can also occur via mechanisms independent from G protein [13]. Additionally, the response to GPCR stimulus can be modified by various parameters, including chronic stimulation, cell hypoxia, acidosis, and aging [14], [15], [16]. GRKs have a significant role in the r
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Ketogenic diets are more effective in promoting weight loss
2024-02-02
Ketogenic diets are more effective in promoting weight loss than conventional caloric restriction [26] however, their effect on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains inconclusive. Blood glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated. In both mice and humans consuming KD, baseline blood glucose decr
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Lipotoxicity is the accumulation of excess lipids in
2024-02-02
Lipotoxicity is the accumulation of excess lipids in non-adipose tissues that leads to cell dysfunction or cell death. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and contributes to the rate of progression of CKD [7,8]. Emerging evidence indicates that renal lipid dysregulation is
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In fact serotonin is a
2024-02-02
In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc
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fbpase Brain biopsy was performed from the white matter lesi
2024-02-02
Brain biopsy was performed from the white matter lesion around the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle, and revealed inflammatory demyelination, such as myelin loss with relative preservation of axons, astrocytosis immnolabeled by fbpase against glial fibrillary acidic protein, infiltratio
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Several structural classes of ASK inhibitors mostly from
2024-02-02
Several structural prostaglandin agonist of ASK1 inhibitors, mostly from industry but also from academia, have been identified over the last decade. In 2012, Terao et al. (Takeda) reported imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine () as a potent ASK1 inhibitor derived from structure-based drug design. GSK, Merck and
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br Materials and methods br Results
2024-02-02
Materials and methods Results Discussion Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and chronic lung disease and its typical features include glycyrrhizin proliferation, epithelial injury, chronic interstitial inflammation, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and collapse of alveoli,
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In addition to differential expression of
2024-02-01
In addition to differential expression of AR protein primarily in surgical specimens, genetic alterations involving the AR gene have been documented in human Necrostatin 2 cancer. Loss of heterozygosity at the AR locus was identified in all 3 informative cases of muscle-invasive bladder tumors, whe
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br Author contributions br Financial disclosures br Acknowle
2024-02-01
Author contributions Financial disclosures Acknowledgements We thank Ms. Eva So for the editorial assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81622015, 81571042 and 81501143) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2
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Analysis of the enzyme activity expressed as rate of product
2024-02-01
Analysis of the enzyme activity, expressed as rate of product formation per unit serum volume (20μl), between the diagnostic groups revealed that ApB activity was significantly decreased in the patient group both at recruitment and after 13months when the substrate concentration used was 1.5mM (pBD
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgement This study was supported by
2024-02-01
Conclusion Acknowledgement This study was supported by NIH/NINDSR01 NS036812-16. Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). By oxidizing free PUFAs, they were shown to contribute to the gene
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Young et al described the role of
2024-02-01
Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c
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br Materials and methods br Discussion
2024-02-01
Materials and methods Discussion Few studies have examined peripheral PACAP levels in migraineurs, and no reports have described PACAP levels in blood samples from patients with CM. Here, we demonstrated that plasma PACAP concentrations were lower in patients with interictal migraine (in both
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br ACK inhibitors Since ACK activation is
2024-02-01
ACK1 inhibitors Since ACK1 activation is correlated with poor prognosis in various cancers, strong efforts are being directed by multiple groups towards developing highly potent and specific small molecule inhibitors targeting the ACK1 kinase. At least eight small molecule kinase inhibitors have
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Congruously our findings of voltage electrode clamping assay
2024-02-01
Congruously, our findings of voltage-electrode-clamping assays indicate that hipN851K mutation mediates partial loss of Na+/K+-ATPase pump currents, also confirming our thesis that hipN851K mutation acts as a hypomorph. As demonstrated here by our external electrical stimulation studies and ECG reco
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